Intercomponent seal for a gas turbine engine

ABSTRACT

This document discloses a wall arrangement for a gas turbine engine, comprising: an annular wall comprising a plurality of circumferential wall segments, adjacent wall segments having opposing first and second end wall portions which define a separating gap therebetween, the gap including a saddle portion which faces radially outwards and comprises a first sealing face on the first end wall portion and a second sealing face on the second end wall portion; and, a longitudinal seal member having a curved sealing surface located within the saddle portion, wherein the curved sealing surface contacts either or both first and second sealing faces along the length of the saddle portion in use, wherein the seal member includes one or more axial restraint features which engage with a corresponding feature of the wall segment or a supporting structure thereof.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF INVENTION

This invention relates to a seal arrangement for sealing a gap whichdefines adjacent components that experience relative movement in use. Inparticular, the invention relates to sealing of seal segments whichdefine the hot gas path in a turbine section of a gas turbine engine.The invention finds particular utilisation with Ceramic MatrixComposite, CMC, seal segments but may be used elsewhere and withdifferent materials, if appropriate.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

With reference to FIG. 1, a ducted fan gas turbine engine generallyindicated at 10 has a principal and rotational axis X-X. The enginecomprises, in axial flow series, an air intake 11, a propulsive fan 12,an intermediate pressure compressor 13, a high-pressure compressor 14,combustion equipment 15, a high-pressure turbine 16, and intermediatepressure turbine 17, a low-pressure turbine 18 and a core engine exhaustnozzle 19. A nacelle 21 generally surrounds the engine 10 and definesthe intake 11, a bypass duct 22 and a bypass exhaust nozzle 23.

The gas turbine engine 10 works in a conventional manner so that airentering the intake 11 is accelerated by the fan 12 to produce two airflows: a first air flow A into the intermediate pressure compressor 13and a second air flow B which passes through the bypass duct 22 toprovide propulsive thrust. The intermediate pressure compressor 13compresses the air flow A directed into it before delivering that air tothe high pressure compressor 14 where further compression takes place.

The compressed air exhausted from the high-pressure compressor 14 isdirected into the combustion equipment 15 where it is mixed with fueland the mixture combusted. The resultant hot combustion products thenexpand through, and thereby drive the high, intermediate andlow-pressure turbines 16, 17, 18 before being exhausted through thenozzle 19 to provide additional propulsive thrust. The high,intermediate and low-pressure turbines respectively drive the high andintermediate pressure compressors 14, 13 and the fan 12 by suitableinterconnecting shafts.

The performance of gas turbine engines, whether measured in terms ofefficiency or specific output, is improved by increasing the turbine gastemperature. For any engine cycle compression ratio or bypass ratio,increasing the turbine entry gas temperature produces more specificthrust (e.g. engine thrust per unit of air mass flow). It is thereforedesirable to operate the turbines at the highest possible temperatures.However, as turbine entry temperatures increase, the life of a turbinegenerally shortens, necessitating the development of better materialsand/or the introduction of improved cooling systems.

One group of improved materials includes so-called ceramic matrixcomposite, CMC, materials. CMCs offer superior temperature and creepresistant properties for gas turbine engines and have a considerablylower density than their superalloy counterparts making them ideal foraeroengines. Further, because they have a higher temperature tolerance,CMC materials require less cooling which acts to increase specific fuelconsumption further.

CMC materials generally consist of ceramic fibres embedded with aceramic body. There are different materials available for fibres andbody. Two of the more promising materials for gas turbine engines aresilicon carbide fibres within a body of silicon carbide, so-calledSiC/SiC, and aluminium oxide fibres within an aluminium oxide body,which is referred simply as an oxide CMC. The processes formanufacturing CMC materials are reasonably well known and understood inthe art.

FIG. 2 shows a high pressure turbine section of the engine shown inFIG. 1. Thus there is shown an nozzle guide vane 212 and turbine blade214 in flow series having aerofoil sections within the main gas path216. The turbine blade includes a tip 218 which is radially shrouded bya seal segment 220. The seal segment 220 bounds and defines the main gaspath 216 on the outboard side of the turbine core. The seal segment 220in the example shown is manufactured from a CMC material so as toprovide some of the advantages outlined above.

The seal segment 220 includes a radially inboard gas washed surface 222with radially extending supporting walls 224 which project towards andappend from the engine casing via an intermediate support structure inthe form of a carrier structure 226. The walls 224 include forwardfacing hooks which mate with corresponding formations on the carrier226. The carrier 226 is attached to the engine casing 229. FIG. 2 showsa single seal segment 220 in streamwise section but it will beappreciated that this is one of many circumferentially arranged sealsegments 220 configured to provide an annulus around the turbine wheel.

The seal segments 220 are separated by an intersegment gap which allowsfor relative movement between the seal segments 220 when in use. Theintersegment gap is provided by opposing circumferential end faces.

It is well known that such intersegment gaps require sealing to preventa flow of cooling air from the outboard side into the main gas path 216,or the vice versa. Thus, it is known to include slots 230 in theintersegment gap faces to receive seal strips. The seal strips sit inthe seal strip slots and restrict the flow passage between the main gaspath and outboard side of the seal segment. The seal strips and slots230 are of suitable dimensions to accommodate some relative movementbetween adjacent seal segments.

The present invention seeks to provide an improved sealing system forseal segments, and in particular, CMC seal segments. Additionally, theinvention seeks to provide a seal arrangement which may be useful forsealing between other intercomponent gaps such as those between nozzleguide vane platforms for example.

STATEMENTS OF INVENTION

The present invention provides a wall arrangement according to theappended claims. Described below is a wall arrangement for a gas turbineengine, comprising: an annular wall comprising a plurality ofcircumferential wall segments, adjacent wall segments having opposingfirst and second end wall portions which define a separating gaptherebetween, the gap including a saddle portion which faces radiallyoutwards and comprises a first sealing face on the first end wallportion and a second sealing face on the second end wall portion; and, alongitudinal seal member having a curved sealing surface located withinthe saddle portion, wherein the curved sealing surface contacts eitheror both first and second sealing faces along the length of the saddleportion in use, wherein the seal member includes one or more axialrestraint features which engage with a corresponding feature of the wallsegment or a supporting structure thereof. The axial restraint is one ormore transverse projection which extends from a main body of the sealmember.

Providing a saddle portion between circumferential wall segments inwhich a longitudinal seal member can reside provides a simply sealingarrangement which can accommodate some movement therebetween. Providingan axial restraint feature on the seal member simplifies theconstruction of the seal and the wall segments.

The wall segments may be end walls of a blade or stator arrangement. Theend walls may be platform end walls or seal segments. The wall segmentsmay define the main gas path of the turbine engine.

The transverse projection may include an upstand which extends from asurface of the main body. The upstand may be integrally formed with themain body. The integral formation may be a homogeneous continuation ofthe main body.

There may be a plurality of transverse projections. The transverseprojections may be arranged distributed along the length of the sealmember.

The transverse projection may include a flange located at an axiallyupstream end of the seal member.

The flange may be eccentrically arranged relative to the main body suchthat the geometric centre of the flange is offset from the geometriccentre of the seal member.

The flange may extend radially inboard of the main body. The radiallyinner edge of the flange may be concavely dished. The concavity may bedefined by a radius which is similar or the same as the circumferentialcurvature of the wall segment.

The wall segment or a supporting structure thereof may include one ormore slots for receiving a seal element which extends towards the sealmember.

The seal element may be either or both of i) received within a recessseal member, or ii) abuts a transverse projection which extends from theseal member.

The wall arrangement may include one or more radially extending supportwalls which engage with the engine casing or an intermediate supportingstructure, supporting walls include one or more of the slots forreceiving the seal element.

One or more of the seal elements may be inclined in a streamwisedirection.

One or more transverse projections may include a through passage whichextends from an upstream side to a downstream side thereof.

The transverse projection may include a hooped wall which provides thethrough-passage.

The cross-sectional shape normal to the longitudinal axis of the sealmember may be predominantly round.

The sealing surface may be continuously round or include multiple curvedportions interspersed with flat portions or inflections. The curvatureis convex.

A wall arrangement as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the curvedsealing surface includes one or more radii of curvature.

The cross-sectional shape normal to the longitudinal axis of the sealmember includes at least one chordal portion. The chordal portion may beflat or dished. An edge of the chordal portion may form a shoulder withan adjacent surface. The internal angle between the chordal portion andadjacent surface may be between 20 and 150 degrees.

The wall segments may comprise a ceramic matrix composite. The wallsegments may include radially extending support walls which attach thewall segment to a supporting structure, the radially extending supportwalls including one or more axially extending recesses in which aportion of the seal member resides.

The axially extending recesses may overarch the seal member. Theoverarch may provide a portion of wall which provides a restriction. Therestriction may prevent the seal member being withdrawn from a purelyradial direction.

The seal member may have an axis of rotation and the wall arrangementmay further comprise an anti-rotation mechanism in which the seal memberand either of the wall segment or a supporting wall thereof includescorresponding anti-rotation features which radially overlap relative tothe rotational axis of the seal member.

The radially overlapping features may include one or more of an outlyingtransverse projection, ridge or edge portion of the seal member, wallsegment, supporting structure of the wall segment, or an intermediaryelements. The anti-rotation feature may include one or more of a ridgeor transverse projection. The ridge may be provided by an intersectionof two surfaces of the seal member or wall segment or supportingstructure. The ridge may be a line ridge, or alternatively, may beprovided by a curved portion. The wall arrangement may include one ormore intermediate elements such as a seal plate or strip which residebetween the seal member and wall segment or supporting structurethereof. The edge portion may be the end edge of a wall. The wall may beprovided by a seal plate or seal strip which extends from the wallsegment and engages with a surface of the seal member.

The seal member may include a cross-section having a single line ofsymmetry about a radial plane.

The seal member may be generally polygonal having one or more curvedfacets to provide the curved sealing surface. The seal member sectionalprofile may be generally rhomboidal. The rhomboid may be truncated toprovide a diamond shaped section. The polygonal profile may includebetween three and five corner portions.

The separating gap may be Y or funnel shaped.

The saddle portion may include one or more surface layers of a differentmaterial to the wall segment. The surface layer may include a thermalbarrier coating or an EBC.

The saddle portion sealing surface are curved. The saddle portion wallsmay be flat or dished. The dishing may be convex or concave. The concavedishing may provide better conformity and rolling characteristics withthe curved sealing surface of the seal member.

The seal member may be pressure responsive in a radial direction. Theseal member may be gutter shaped in sectional profile normal to thelongitudinal axis of the seal member. The gutter shaped profile may bedefined by a semi-circular, U-shaped or V-shaped wall. The wall may havea uniform sectional thickness.

The seal member may comprise a first and second material. The sealmember may comprise a core section of first material surrounded by anouter layer of second material.

The core may be round. The outer layer may be round. The core may belocated within the outer layer. The outer layer and core may becoaxially arranged. The outer layer may have a uniform wall thickness.

The seal member includes axially compressible segments. The axiallycompressible sections may include a reduction in the seal segmentthickness.

The reduction in seal segment thickness may be provided by a pluralityof axially distributed grooves or slots. The slots may be cut to achord. Alternatively, the slots or grooves may be provide a curvedscallop line within the seal member. The curved scallop line may providea cresentic or substantially uniform wall thickness in the axialrigidity reducing portions.

The seal member may further include a plurality of flow passagesextending from an outboard side to an inboard side. The flow passagesare provided by recesses in the outer surface of the seal member. Theflow passages encircle the seal member.

The flow passages may pass through a central portion of the main body toprovide fluid communication from one side to the other.

The flow passages may include an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inletand outlet are on opposing sides of the main body. The inlet and outletmay be diametrically opposed.

The seal member may include an internal cavity which extends along thelength of the seal member.

The flow passages may connect with the cavity to provide the fluidcommunication.

The wall arrangement may further comprise a plurality of axiallydistributed inlet flow passages and outlet flow passages, wherein theinlet and outlet flow passages are axially offset so that there is nodirect line of sight through the seal member.

The inlet and outlet flow passages may be arranged in axiallydistributed groups. One group of inlet flow passages may be providedalong a mid-portion of the seal member. One group of outlet flowpassages may be provided towards an upstream end of the seal member.

The seal member may include a downstream end face and the cavityincludes an outlet flow passage through the downstream end face.

The saddle portion includes a mouth on the outboard side thereof, thewidth of the mouth is as wide or wider than the width of the sealmember.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the invention will now be described with the aid of thefollowing drawings of which:

FIG. 1 shows a streamwise section of a gas turbine engine.

FIG. 2 shows a streamwise section of a turbine section with CMC sealsegments.

FIG. 3 shows a partial axial section of two circumferentially adjacentCMC seal segments with a seal member located therebetween.

FIGS. 4a-4e show different operating positions of the seal segmentsshown in FIG. 3.

FIGS. 5a-5d show respective end views and circumferential side views ofdifferent seal members.

FIG. 6 shows a further example of a seal member.

FIGS. 7a and 7b show examples of seal members which provide radialcompliance to aid sealing.

FIG. 8 shows an example of an axially deformable seal member.

FIG. 9 shows adjacent seal segments having a seal cavity in which theseal member is located.

FIG. 10 shows an alternative seal cavity profile.

FIGS. 11a-e show further alternatives of seal cavity profiles.

FIGS. 12a-d show various examples of seal members incorporating flowpassages.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

Where various geometrical references such as inboard and outboard areused to denote the relation of the various parts, these should be takenwith reference to conventional gas turbine meanings unless otherwisestated. Thus, inboard and outboard should taken in relation to theprincipal axis of rotation of the engine, and upstream and downstreamshould be taken with reference to main gas path flow. Where the sealmember is described in isolation of the engine or seal segments, it canbe taken that the seal member is being defined as per the orientationwhich would be adopted when in use. Further, radial may be withreference to a radial direction of the main rotational axis, with regardto the gas path, or with regard to the longitudinal axis of the sealmember, as will be clear from the context.

FIG. 3 shows a wall arrangement 310 for a gas turbine engine. Thearrangement comprises: an annular wall having a plurality ofcircumferential adjacent CMC wall segments 312, 314. Adjacent wallsegments have opposing end wall portions which define a separating, inthis example intersegment, gap 316 therebetween. The gap 316 includes asaddle portion 318 which faces radially outwards relative to the maingas path and has a first sealing face 320 on a first end wall and asecond sealing face 322 on a second end wall. A seal member 324 has acurved sealing surface located within the saddle portion 318. The curvedsealing surface sits proximate to and contacts either or both first andsecond sealing faces in use so as to restrict flow across the radialextent of the seal segments.

The partial wall segments 312, 314 shown in FIG. 3 are two of a set ofsimilar arcuate segments which form the annular outer wall of the maingas path in the turbine of a gas turbine engine similar to that shown inFIG. 1. It will be appreciated that, although described primarily inrelation to CMC wall segments, the invention may find application withother types of wall segments where appropriate. For example, the wallsegments may be cast metal parts as are known in the art.

The intersegment gap 316 is defined between the circumferentiallyadjacent segments 312, 314 by the first and second end walls and extendsaxially (with reference to the principal axis of rotation of the engine)from the upstream end to the downstream end of the segments, andradially from the inner gas facing surface to the an outboard surface ofthe segments. The intersegment gap 316 is principally required to alloweach segment to move independently of each other, thereby allowing theannulus to expand and contract in use. As will be appreciated, theintersegment gap 316 is required to be sealed to prevent the egress ofhot gas from the gas path into the surrounding structure, and to avoidexcessive amounts of cooling air passing into the main gas path.

The intersegment gap 316 extends from a wider portion at the outboardside and narrows along its radial length towards the gas path side so asto provide a generally convergent arrangement. Thus, at least oneintersegment gap face, preferably two, inclined relative to a radialline 326 which extends generally from the principal axis X-X.

In the described example of FIG. 3, the intersegment gap 316incorporates a generally funnel or Y-shaped portion in the axial section(the axial section being normal to the principal axis of the gas path).The Y-shape generally has two distinct portions in itself: a narrowportion and a flared portion or mouth which at least partially definesthe saddle portion 318 and receives the seal member 324. The narrowportion extends generally radially and is defined by opposing portionsof the first and second end walls which are thus separated by asubstantially uniform and parallel gap in the axial section. It will beappreciated that the uniformity and circumferential extent of the gapmay vary during use with differential thermal expansion and relativemovement. The saddle portion 318 includes two radially outwardly facingsurfaces, one from each of the first and second adjacent segments.

The seal member 324 resides in the saddle portion 318 of theintersegment gap 316 and contacts the first 320 and second 322 sealingsurfaces. The underside, or radially inward surface 328 of the sealingmember 324 is generally curved so that it is presented in a rollingcontact with the saddle portion 318. The seal member 324 shown in FIG. 3includes a cylindrical body which extends axially along the sealing gap316 from an upstream end to a downstream end. The cylindrical formprovides the curved underside 328 in this case, but it will beappreciated that a full round section is not necessary to effect rollingseal with the saddle portion 318. Indeed, an axisymmetric profile withone or more flats or outlying features, e.g. ridges, shoulders orprojections, may be preferable where a restriction of rotation isdesired.

The saddle portion 318 is created by providing corresponding chamferedseal segment walls at the intersegment gap. In providing chamfered edgesin which a corner portion of the wall has been removed the intersegmentgap and saddle portion is predominantly open on the outboard side of theseal segment wall 312, 314 so that the mouth to the saddle portion is atleast as wide as the seal member. It will be appreciated that the backpressure from cooling air will keep the seals in place whilst the engineis operating but the seal members on the underside of the engine annuluswill require some radial restraint when the engine is at rest to preventthem falling under gravity. The radial restraint may be provided by anysuitable means. One example is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 in which thesupporting walls of the seal segment include recesses which overarch theseal member to provide radial restraint.

The extent of the first 320 and second 322 sealing surface of the saddleportion 318 is indicated by the respective braces { }. The sealingsurface 320, 322, can be adapted to include one or more interface layersor coatings which provide preferential sealing, thermal or wearcharacteristics. This coating could be an Environmental Barrier Coating,EBC, which helps to isolate the CMC from water and protect it fromoxygen erosion, or a thermal barrier coating which helps protect theparent materials from the operating temperature. Further, the CMCmaterial at or local to the sealing surface may be provided with aspecific orientation of fibres. Additionally or alternatively, ceramicfoam may be included to aid the conformity between the sealing memberand sealing surface of the saddle portion 318.

FIGS. 4a-e show two adjacent seal segments in various operatingconditions. FIG. 4a shows a cold build or normally seated position;FIGS. 4b and 4c show relative radial displacement; FIGS. 4d and 4e showcircumferential displacement. It will be noted that the variousdifferent positions are accommodated by the seal member and theinteraction with the curved sealing surface which rolls or slidesrelative to the corresponding opposing sealing surface.

The seal member 324 generally extends from an upstream end to adownstream end of the seal segments, either partially or entirely. Thus,the upstream and downstream ends of the seal member 324 may becoincident with either or both of the upstream and downstream ends ofthe seal segments 312, 314, or of the saddle portion 318 which also mayor may not extend the full axial extent of the seal segments 312, 314.

A seal member may have one or more adaptations to aid its axialrestraint relative to the seal segments. In some examples, theadaptations may include projections or depressions which extendtransversely relative to the longitudinal axis of the seal member. Thetransverse projections or depressions may be arranged to engage withcorresponding features on the seal segments or on a supporting structureassociated with the seal segments or engine casing. The transverseprojections may be provided by one or more flanges or steps along thelength of the seal member, or added to an end of the seal member.Alternatively or additionally, a depression may be defined by a slot,flat or reduced diameter portion along the length of the seal member. Adepression may also be provided by relative radial separation of one ormore transverse projections or steps in or along the length of a surfaceof the seal member.

FIGS. 5a to 5d show various depictions of seal members 510 a-d fromaxially end on and circumferentially side-on directions. Each of theseal members 510 a-d includes an elongate main body having axial lengthand a curved saddle facing or radially inboard surface which engage withcorresponding sealing faces of a saddle portion as described inconnection with FIG. 3 above.

FIG. 5a shows a cylindrical seal member having a circular section in theaxial plane. The seal member 510 a is of uniform section along itslength from a first upstream end to a second downstream end. The sealmember is straight.

FIG. 5b shows a cylindrical seal member 510 b having a main body 514 bin which there is incorporated a tranverse projection 512 b in the formof a flange at an end thereof. The flange may be mounted to or ahomogeneous continuation of the seal member and is generally in the formof a disc. The circumferential edge of the flange can take anyappropriate shape. In FIG. 5b the flange 512 b is shown by the solidline as being generally circular and presented eccentrically on the endof the seal member main body 514 b. Hence, the geometric centre of theflange is mounted off-centre with respect to the longitudinal axis ofthe main body and overhangs the end by varying amounts around thecircumference of the seal member main body 514 b. In the example shown,the flange 512 b is mounted towards the outboard side of the seal membercentre so as to project further on the radially outboard side of theseal member. This allows the seal member to be closer to the gas pathwhilst ensuring that the flange does not project into the gas path,whilst still allowing sufficient sealing area to cover the saddleportion.

The variant of the flange 512 b′ shown by the dashed line has a concavecircumferential profile on the gas path side. The curvature matches thatof the seal segment gas washed surface which aids the positioning of theseal close to the gas path.

The flange 512 b includes an abutment surface 516 b which engages withcorresponding end faces of the seal segments to restrict axial movementof the seal member in the downstream direction. The abutment surface 516b may also be sufficient to provide additional sealing to help preventhot gas being ingested axially along the length of the intersegment gap.

It will be appreciated that the flange 512 b may be received against theaxial end faces of the seal segments, or within a suitable slot definedin the outboard side of the seal segments and or a supporting structuresuch as a carrier.

FIG. 5c shows an alternative or additional adaptation for axialretention. Here the seal member 510 c is provided with transverseprojections 512 c along its length. These upstands are in the form ofcastellations or teeth which extend from the main body 514 c of the sealmember in an outboard direction. In the example shown there are twotransverse projections distributed along the axial length of the sealmember 510 c, towards the upstream and downstream ends thereof. Theupstream and downstream axial positions correspond to the supportingwalls 224 for the seal segments shown in FIG. 2. However, it will beappreciated that different axial positions and numbers of projectionsmay be provided as required.

As shown by the axial end view of the seal in FIG. 5c , the seal member510 c comprises a substantially cylindrical elongate main body 514 c. Anaxial extent of the outboard side of the main body 514 c is providedwith a reduced dimension in the form of a flat portion (or dishedportion as shown by the dashed line) which defines the projections. Themain body 514 c may be selectively machined to provide the projections512 c, or they may be attached to or cast as part of the main bodyduring manufacture.

In use, the projections 512 c are provided in an abutting relation withplates 516 c which extends from an opposing structure. The opposingstructure may be attached to or appended from the engine casing, eitherdirectly or via an intermediate component such as a seal segmentcarrier, or may be attached to the seal segments themselves. In theexample of FIG. 2, the plates can be located in strip seal slots 230provided in the circumferential end faces of the seal segment upstands224.

The plates 516 c are provided on a downstream side of the seal memberprojections 512 c and provide an axial restraint required to preventsignificant in service movement of the seal member 510 c. The matingbetween the projections and plates also aids sealing against deleteriousaxial flows.

The dished surface identifiable by the dashed line in the axial end viewof FIG. 5c allows the seal member 510 c to rotate whilst maintaining aclose proximity to the distal end edges of the plates 516 c. It will beappreciated that either of the plates or projections may have acurvature necessary to allow the seal member to be held in a closelyspaced but rotating relation.

If the projecting flanges 512 c are provided by machining the flats outof a cylindrical member they have a similar outer radius and areconcentrically/coaxially arranged with the curved radially inner side ofthe seal member.

It will be appreciated that the seal member 510 c may alternatively oradditionally be provided with grooves or depressions which receivecorresponding plates, flanges or keys extending from the seal segmentsor a supporting component thereof.

FIG. 5d shows a further example in which plates extend from thesupporting structure and into corresponding slots 520 d in the sealmember 510 d. The slots 520 d may be flat bottomed as shown, or dishedas presented in FIG. 5c . The plates 516 d may be in a perpendicularorientation relative to the longitudinal axis of the seal member 510 d,or inclined towards the downstream end of the seal member to providesuperior axial restraint to the seal member 510 d.

FIG. 6 shows an alternative arrangement of a seal member 610. The sealmember main body 614 is provided with upstands 612 distributed along thelength thereof. The upstands are provided by a flattening of the sealmember as described above in connection with FIG. 5 c.

The seal member 610 shown includes two different upstand constructionswhich may be used together or in mutual exclusion of each other. Thefirst 612, as shown on the left hand side of FIG. 6 includes a taperedconstruction in which the axially facing surfaces are inclined towardseach other from a broader root towards a narrow tip. The upstand alsoincludes a through-passage which extends from the upstream side to thedownstream side. The passage is defined by a hooped wall 613. Thepassage may provide for a through-flow of cooling air.

The second upstand 616 is downstream of the aforementioned upstand 612and of a similar construction but includes a plate which is receivedwithin a slot and which extends from a supporting structure as describedin relation to FIG. 5d . The plate and upstand may or may not include athrough-passage to allow for a flow of cooling air.

FIGS. 7a and 7b show pressure responsive seal members 710 a, 710 b.These are configured to flatten in response to the operating pressure ofthe engine. Thus, FIG. 7a shows an elongate seal member 710 a whichincludes a gutter shaped profile in section. The seal member 710 a has asemi-circular wall section in the normal plane relative to the principalaxis of rotation but may include different radii of curvature. The wallis dimensioned and of a suitable material so as to be pressure sensitivein the radial direction. Thus, an increase in cooling air pressure canprovide increased sealing by flattening the seal against the first andsecond sealing surfaces. Further, the seal member still provides somerolling or tracking conformity when there is relative movement in thecircumferentially adjacent seal segments.

It will be appreciated that other sectional geometries may provide theflattening of the seal member. For example, the seal shown in FIG. 7ahas constant radius but multiple radii may be incorporated in thesection. Hence, the seal member may be substantially v- or u-shaped, orbe defined by a particularly advantageous pressure responsive curve.

FIG. 7b shows a composite seal member 710 b which comprises two or moredifferent materials in section. Thus, as shown, the seal member 710 bincludes a core 712 b or central vane of a first material, and a secondor outer layer 714 b of a second material. The first material 712 b maybe resiliently deformable to provide a pressure responsivecharacteristic to the seal, similar to the curved profile of FIG. 7a .Thus, under a first pressure condition, for example at cruise, the sealmember 712 b is substantially unmodified in section, e.g. circular, butunder a second, higher pressure condition, the seal member 712 b becomescompressed from an outboard direction forcing a greater extent ofconformity with the sealing surfaces of the first and second sealsegments.

The first and second materials may be any suitable materials known inthe art, such as a nickel or cobalt alloy or a ceramic for the firstmaterial, and a metallic foam or gaseous fill for the second material.In another example, the inner core 712 b may be substantially hollow. Itwill be further appreciated that such a core may constitute multiplelayers or cores of different material to suit a desired performance.Additionally, although shown has having a circular cross section, thismay not be the case and different sectional profiles are envisaged. Forexample, the sections shown in FIG. 11 below may be of use with thisexample or any others described herein. Further, although the walls andcore shown in FIG. 7b are uniform in section, however, it may bepreferable to have non-uniform walls or a non-circular section of coreto provide a particular performance from the seal member.

FIG. 8 shows an example of an axially flexible seal member 810. The sealmember 810 includes a plurality of rigidity reducing portions 812 alongits length. The rigidity reducing portions 812 are axially displaced andprovide compressible portions along one side of the seal member 810 soas to allow it to more readily flex.

In the example shown, the rigidity reducing portions 812 are a lineardistribution of discontinuities or vacancies in the form of slots orgrooves cut into the radially outer surface of the seal member 810. Thediscontinuities provide relatively rigid portions interspersed withreduced sectional widths along the length of the seal member. Thediscontinuities allow the seal member to preferentially axially flexduring use so that a variance in radial positions along the length ofthe seal segments can be accounted for by the seal member 810. Thus, ifthe seal segments differentially expand from upstream to downstreamportions such that the seal segments become axially warped or dished,the rolling seal surface can be more readily maintained by the sealmember 810. The slots can be provided by removing material to a chordwithin the seal member 810, or as shown in FIG. 8, may include a curvedscallop line which leaves a cresentic or substantially uniform wallthickness in the axial rigidity reducing portions. Hence, the portion ofthe outer wall of the curved sealing surface which is located within thesaddle portion extends through an angle less than 180 degrees.

It will be appreciated that the number and position of the slits orgrooves may be adjusted to be application and material specific.Further, the slits or grooves may be replaced with a second material orelements which are more compressible and allow for pressure responsivebending of the seal member and the resultant axial conformance with theseal segments.

FIGS. 9 and 10 show an axial end view of a seal member 912 within a CMCseal segment 912 as in FIG. 2. Thus, there is a CMC seal segment body914 having a gas washed surface 916 and saddle portion 918, upstands 920for the seal segment supporting walls and the upstream extending hookfeatures for engaging with corresponding opposing hooks on the carrier.The upstands 920 include scalloped or recessed portions 922 to provide athrough-passage for the seal member 912.

FIG. 10 is similar to FIG. 9 but has been further modified to includecurved surfaces in or proximate to the saddle portion 1018 and upstandscallops 1022, and includes a polygonal seal member 1012. Providingcurved saddle surfaces allows better conformance with the curvedunderside of the seal member.

It will be appreciated, the smaller the clearance of the seal member andwalls of the intersegment seal cavity the more the axial leakage of airmay be reduced. Thus, the radial clearance provided on the radialoutboard side of the seal within the upstand through-passages may bereduced to a minimum acceptable clearance.

Although the seal members generally require an amount of rotation forthe curved sealing surface to maintain suitable conformity to thesealing surface of the saddle portion, there is preferably somerestriction to prevent rotation beyond an acceptable predeterminedlimit.

The arrangement shown in FIG. 10 provides an example of a seal memberand seal segment walls which, in unison, provide an anti-rotation whichlimits the amount of seal member rotation in the saddle portion. Morespecifically, the seal member 1012 and segments 1014 includecorresponding features which engage after a predetermined amount ofrotation to prevent further movement. In the example shown, thecorresponding anti-rotation features are outlying projections in theform of ridges which radially overlap with respect to the rotationalaxis of the seal member, the radial overlap providing a stop whichprevents rotation of the seal member beyond a predetermined amount.

The axis of rotation 1020 can be defined by the curvature of the sealingsurface and corresponding rotation which occurs in use. Locating theanti-rotation feature of the seal segment closer to the rotational axis1020 of seal member than the anti-rotation feature on the seal member1012 will provide the radial overlap and cause the correspondinganti-rotation features to engage after a predetermined amount ofrotation.

Referring to FIG. 10, the seal member 1012 includes a flat 1024 on theside of the seal member which opposes the saddle portion 1018. The flat1024 meets side portions of the seal member at an internal angle ofaround ninety degrees. This intersection defines axially extendingridges 1026 or shoulders. The ridges 1026 are placed in relatively closeproximity to a corresponding shoulder 1026′ which is defined by therecess in the upstand of the seal segment. The axis of rotation 1020 isdefined by the radius of curvature of the seal surface.

In some examples, the seal member may be arranged to have a similarshape to the scalloped surfaces in the supporting wall upstands of theCMC seal segment with an irregular shape such that it can only rotate acertain amount before corresponding portions of the seal memberscalloped surface engage one another and prevent further rotation.

It will be appreciated that the anti-rotation features may be providedby one or more of the a projection, flat or recess on the seal member incombination with a suitably corresponding projection, flat or recess onthe seal segment or supporting structure. For example, anti-rotationfeatures may be provided by the seal plates in conjunction with the flator profiled surface of the seal member main body, as described inrelation to FIGS. 5c and 5d . In this case, the respectively outlierswould be the edge of the flat or dished portion in conjunction with theend edge of the sealing plate which radially overlap as described above.

FIGS. 11a-e show various alternative arrangements of seal member 1110a-e cross sections having irregular profiles which help restrictexcessive and/or accumulative rotation of the seal member in use. Ineach case, there is provided at least one shoulder 1112 a-e or cornerfeature on a side of the seal member 1110 a-e which faces the curvedunderside 1114 a-e which engages with the saddle portion of the sealsegment. The shoulder(s) 1112 a-e can engage with a suitable outboardside feature. There may be between two and four shoulder features. Theshoulder features may be defined where two adjacent longitudinal facesmeet or may be one or more discrete projections integrally formed withor attached to the respective seal member main body. The faces may beinclined to one another by an internal angle of between 20 and 150degrees. The inclined faces may be flat or curved. There may be betweentwo and four anti-rotation shoulders.

As shown in FIGS. 11a and b , the main body may have a substantiallycircular cross-section with one or more chordal portions removed toprovide two or more shoulders 1112 a, b. The curved underside 1114 a-cmay be continuously round or may include two or more discrete separatelycurved portions 1114 b, d, e. The curved underside may be defined by asingle or multiple radii. The chordal portion may be chordal relative tothe generally round underside rather than to a specific radius orcircular cross-section. The chord may be flat, or dished or cresentic inshape. In other examples, the cross section of the chord may bepolygonal as shown in FIGS. 11d and e . In FIG. 11d , the polygonal isgenerally rhomboidal with two adjacent sides symmetrically curved ordished to provide the curved sealing surface. The arrangement of FIG.11e is a truncated rhomboid with curved sealing surfaces provided bysymmetrically dished adjacent sides, and a top corner of the rhomboidremoved to provide a diamond shape. This form of cross-section includesthree substantially flat surfaces in addition to the curved sealingsurface. The curved sealing surface and anti-rotation features mayprovide the seal segments with a single line of radial symmetry.

The FIGS. 12a-d show various examples of seal members 1210 a-e whichinclude cooling passages for cooling of the seal member or seal segmentintersegment gap faces. Thus, FIG. 12a shows a seal member 1210 a havinga plurality of channels 1212 a formed in the surface of the seal member1210 a. The channels 1212 a extend around the circumference of the sealmember so as to provide a flow passage from the outboard side of theseal member to the inboard side. The channels 1212 a are provided byrecesses within the seal member surfaces which circumscribe the sealmember 1210 a. The plurality of channels 1212 a are distributed evenlyalong the length of the seal member 1210 a, each having similarsectional flow area. However, it will be appreciated that the channels1210 a can be adapted to suit the pressure and cooling requirementswhich vary along the gas path length of the seal segment according tothe gas path conditions. Thus, the number and flow area of the channelsdiffer along the axial length of the seal. Further, in the example shownthe channels encircle the seal member, but in some examples the channelsmay extend around one side only.

FIG. 12b shows a seal member 1210 b having a plurality of through holes1212 b in the form of cooling passages which extend laterally throughthe seal member 1210 b from one side to the other. The cooling holes areevenly distributed along the length of the seal member 1210 a betweentwo points and are straight and of a corresponding size. Thelongitudinal axis of the through holes pass through the longitudinalaxis of the seal member. Hence, the inlet and outlet of thethrough-holes are diametrically opposed.

The through-holes 1212 b provide flow passages for a flow of air. Inuse, the flow passages 1212 b are aligned in a radial direction toprovide fluid communication across the sealed partition between the sealmember 1212 b and seal segments. Thus, a flow of cooling air can beprovided from a source on the outboard side, to the opposingintersegment gap adjacent the main gas path. It will be appreciatedthat, as with the channels, the through passages can be adapted to suitthe pressure and cooling requirements along the gas path length. Thus,the number and flow area of the channels differ along the axial lengthof the seal.

FIG. 12c shows a seal member 1210 c having a flow passage which includesa core chamber 1212 c extending along the length of the seal member 1210c and plurality of minor connecting passages 1214 c, 1216 c which extendfrom the exterior of the seal member 1210 a to the core chamber 1212 cso as to provide flow communication therebetween. The connectingpassages are on diametrically opposing sides of the seal member and areaxially staggered so the line of sight through the seal member isobscured. In the example shown, the axial staggering provides a singlegroup of adjacent connecting passages on a first side, the outboard sideas shown, and a plurality of distinct groups of two or more connectingpassages on the other. In addition to the connecting passages on theradially inner gas path facing side of the seal member, an additionalflow passage is provided in the downstream axial end of the seal member.

In use, the connecting passages provide inlets and outlets for theplenum as indicated by the arrows in the figures. The axial staggeringof individual or groups of connecting passages forces the air to travelalong the interior of core chamber to provide some heat transfer andpressure matching with the gas path before being ejaculated into themain gas path. Depending on the size of the inlet connecting passage andthe size of the core chamber, it will be possible to gain someimpingement cooling of the inner wall of the core chamber which opposesthe inlets. The inlets and outlets may be positioned as required for aparticular temperature and pressure distribution of the gas turbine.Further, the inlets can be arranged to provide impingement flows forcooling the seal member as shown in FIG. 12 d.

Although the connecting passages of the example shown in FIG. 12c allextend in a substantially radial direction so as to pass through thewall of the seal member in a direction perpendicular to the core chamberand longitudinal axis of the seal member, it will be appreciated thatsome of the connecting passages, particularly those which serve asoutlets, may be inclined so as to have a more streamwise exit trajectorythereby allowing an extended flow path within the intersegment gap.

FIG. 12d shows a further variant in which the outboard or inletconnecting passages are provided at a mid-portion of the seal memberlength. Two outlet connecting passages are provided towards the upstreamand downstream ends of the seal member.

The seal members described in the above examples may be made from anysuitable material. Potential candidate materials for the seal member maybe nickel or cobalt alloys, or a monolithic or fibre based ceramic. Itwill be appreciated that each of these with have their own advantages.

It will be appreciated that many of the features described in thevarious examples above may be used in isolation, or in combination withother features. Thus, the various means which provide axial restraintmay be used in conjunction with the various flow passages which havebeen described. Further, the sectional shapes of the seal members may beused in combination with suitable axial restraints and or with thevarious configurations of cooling passages.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A wall arrangement for a gas turbineengine, comprising: an annular wall comprising a plurality ofcircumferential wall segments, adjacent wall segments of the pluralityof circumferential wall segments having opposing first and second endwall portions which define a separating gap therebetween, the gapincluding a saddle portion which faces radially outwards and comprises afirst chamfered sealing face on the first end wall portion and a secondchamfered sealing face on the second end wall portion; and, alongitudinal seal member having a curved sealing surface located withinthe saddle portion, wherein the curved sealing surface contacts eitheror both the first chamfered sealing face and the second chamferedsealing face along a length of the saddle portion in use, wherein theseal member includes one or more axial restraint features which engagewith a corresponding feature of one or more of the plurality ofcircumferential wall segments or a supporting structure of the one ormore of the plurality of circumferential wall segments, wherein the oneor more axial restraints features includes one or more transverseprojections which extends from a main body of the seal member, whereinthe seal member has a constant cross-sectional shape normal to alongitudinal axis of the seal member along a majority of the length ofthe seal member, and wherein the one or more axial restraint featuresextends outward from the constant cross-sectional shape in a directiontransverse to the longitudinal axis, wherein the one or more axialrestraint features extends only in a radially outward direction from theconstant cross-sectional shape.
 2. The wall arrangement as claimed inclaim 1, in which the one or more transverse projection includes anupstand which extends from a surface of the main body.
 3. The wallarrangement as claimed in claim 2, wherein the one or more transverseprojection includes a flange located at an axially upstream end of theseal member.
 4. The wall arrangement as claimed in claim 3, wherein theflange is eccentrically arranged relative to the main body such that ageometric centre of the flange is offset from a geometric centre of theseal member.
 5. The wall arrangement as claimed in claim 4 in which theflange extends radially inboard of the main body.
 6. The wallarrangement as claimed in claim 5, wherein a radially inner edge of theflange is concavely dished.
 7. The wall arrangement as claimed in claim1, wherein the one or more of the plurality of circumferential wallsegments or the supporting structure of the one or more of the pluralityof circumferential wall segments includes one or more slots forreceiving a seal element which extends towards the seal member.
 8. Thewall arrangement as claimed in claim 7, wherein the seal element iseither or both of i) received within a recess seal member, or ii) abutsthe one or more transverse projection which extends from the sealmember.
 9. The wall arrangement as claimed in claim 8, wherein the wallarrangement includes one or more radially extending support walls whichengage with an engine casing or an intermediate supporting structure,supporting walls include one or more of the slots for receiving the sealelement.
 10. The wall arrangement as claimed in claim 9, wherein one ormore of the seal elements are inclined in a streamwise direction. 11.The wall arrangement as claimed in claim 10, wherein the one or moretransverse projections includes a through passage which extends from anupstream side to a downstream side thereof.
 12. The wall arrangement asclaimed in claim 11, wherein the one or more transverse projectionincludes a hooped wall which provides the through-passage.
 13. Thearrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shapenormal to the longitudinal axis of the seal member is predominantlyround.
 14. The arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein thecross-sectional shape normal to the longitudinal axis of the seal memberincludes at least one chordal portion.
 15. A wall arrangement for a gasturbine engine, comprising: an annular wall comprising a plurality ofcircumferential wall segments, adjacent wall segments having opposingfirst and second end wall portions which define a separating gaptherebetween, the gap including a saddle portion which faces radiallyoutwards and comprises a first sealing face on the first end wallportion and a second sealing face on the second end wall portion; and, alongitudinal seal member having a curved sealing surface located withinthe saddle portion, wherein the curved sealing surface contacts eitheror both the first sealing face and the second sealing face along alength of the saddle portion in use, wherein the seal member includesone or more axial restraint features which engage with a correspondingfeature of the plurality of circumferential wall segments or asupporting structure of the plurality of wall segments, wherein theaxial restraint includes one or more transverse projections which extendfrom a main body of the seal member, and wherein the one or moretransverse projections includes a through passage which extends from anupstream side to a downstream side thereof, wherein the one or moreaxial restraint features extends only in a radially outward directionfrom the main body of the seal member.
 16. The wall arrangement asclaimed in claim 15, wherein the one or more transverse projectionsincludes a hooped wall which provides the through-passage.